Important Terminology : Rainfed Agriculture Highlights

Humidity: In rainfed agriculture, humidity refers to the amount of moisture present in the air. High humidity levels can affect the growth of crops, as excessive moisture in the air can lead to diseases and fungal infections in the plants.

Fog: Fog can be a common occurrence in rainfed agriculture, especially in regions with high humidity. It can reduce the amount of sunlight reaching the crops and increase moisture levels, potentially leading to mold and mildew on the plants.

Frost: Frost occurs when temperatures drop low enough to freeze the moisture on plants, potentially damaging or killing them. In rainfed agriculture, frost can be particularly damaging to crops, especially if they are not cold-tolerant.

Dew: Dew is the moisture that forms on plants and other surfaces during the night as a result of condensation. In rainfed agriculture, dew can provide some moisture to the crops, especially in areas where rainfall is scarce.

Wind: Wind can have both positive and negative effects on rainfed agriculture. Strong winds can cause soil erosion and damage to crops, while gentle breezes can help in pollination and reduce the occurrence of fungal diseases by promoting air circulation.

Important acronym 

AICRPDA: All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture. 

CAZRI: Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 

CSWCR&TI: Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute at Dehradun. 

ICRISAT: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad 

CGIAR: Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research 

CRIDA: The Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad NWDB: National Wasteland Development Board 

NRAA: National Rainfed Area Authority 

 IWMP: Integrated Watershed Management Programme 

Important History Highlights :

The First Famine Commission in 1880, was tasked with finding ways to deal with droughts that had been occurring since 1860. The commission recommended the establishment of protective irrigation projects.

First systematic scientific approach to tackle the problems of dry farming areas was initiated by Tamhane in 1923 on a small plot at Manjri Farm near Pune

The ICAR selected 25 dryland agricultural centers all over the country on the basis of the moisture deficit, soil type, and rainfall characteristics

 The Green Revolution in the mid-1960s, there was a wide disparity in productivity between irrigated and rainfed agriculture. This led to a focus on improving the agricultural development of dryland regions during the Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-1974). 

 In response, the Indian government launched the All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture (AICRPDA) in collaboration with the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) in 1970.

How to setup or install Windows in Laptop/PC

Tech Grovestudies 

To set up or install Windows on your computer, follow these steps:

Windows 11

1. System Requirements:

Make sure your computer meets the minimum system requirements for the version of Windows you want to install. Microsoft provides these requirements on their official website.

2. Obtain Windows Installation Media:

You will need a Windows installation disc or a bootable USB drive with the Windows setup files. You can create a bootable USB using the official Windows Media Creation Tool available on Microsoft's website.

3. Backup Your Data:

Installing Windows will usually erase all data on your computer's primary drive. So, it's crucial to back up any important files to an external drive or cloud storage to prevent data loss.

4. Change Boot Order:

Insert the bootable Windows installation media (DVD or USB) into your computer and restart it. During the boot process, enter the BIOS or UEFI settings (usually by pressing a specific key like Del, F2, F12, or Esc) and change the boot order to prioritize the media containing the Windows installer. Save changes and exit.

5. Windows Setup:

After restarting, the computer will boot from the Windows installation media. You'll see the Windows Setup screen. Choose the language, time, currency, and keyboard input method, then click "Next."

6. Install Now:

Click on "Install Now" to begin the Windows installation process.

7. Enter Product Key:

If prompted, enter your Windows product key. This is usually found on the Windows packaging or in the email if you purchased a digital copy.

8. Accept License Terms:

Read and accept the Microsoft Software License Terms.

9. Select Installation Type:

Choose between "Custom: Install Windows only" or "Upgrade: Install Windows and keep files, settings, and applications" (if you're upgrading from a previous version of Windows).

10. Partitioning (Custom Install Only):

If you selected the custom installation, you'll need to create or select a partition on your hard drive where Windows will be installed. You can choose to format the partition for a clean installation.

11. Install Windows:

Select the partition where you want to install Windows and click "Next." The installation process will begin, and your computer may restart several times during the process.

12. Set Up Windows:

After the installation is complete, you'll be prompted to set up Windows. Follow the on-screen instructions to configure your language preferences, time zone, account settings, and network connections.

13. Windows Update and Drivers:

Once Windows is set up, make sure to connect to the internet and run Windows Update to download the latest updates and security patches. Additionally, install the necessary drivers for your hardware to ensure optimal performance.

14. Install Applications:

Finally, reinstall any necessary applications and restore your backed-up data.

That's it! Your Windows installation is now complete, and you can start using your computer with the new Windows operating system.

CSS2- Cascading Style Sheet Introduction by TECH grovestudies

Tech Grovestudies 

CSS / Tech Grovestuides

Ways to write CSS in HTML

There are three ways to CSS in html file .

·        Inline css

·        Internal css

·        External css

Priority Order

            Inline > Internal > External

 

Inline CSS

è Before CSS we use inline to apply style

è Not an efficient way to write

è Self contained

è Uniquely applied to each content element

Example –

            <h3 style=” color : red”> Have a great day </h3>

            <p style –“color; purple”> I make this </p>

 

Internal CSS

·        With the help of style tag we apply styles with the HTML file .

·        Redundancy is removed

·        But idea of speparation concern still lost

·        Uniquely applied on single document

·        Example –

<style>

            H1 {

            Color : red;

            }

</style>

<h3> Have a good sweet night </h3>

External CSS

·        With the help of  <link> tag in head we apply styles

·        Reference is added

·        File saved with css extension

·        Redundancy is removed

·        Idea of separation is maintained

·        Uniquely applied in each contents

Example –

            <link rel=”stylesheet” type=”text/css” href=””>

            H1 {

                        Color : red;                                                                   //.cssfile

            }

 

CSS Selectors

·        Selectors are used target and apply CSS

·        Three simple selectors

o   Element Selectors

o   Id selectors

o   Class selectors

·        Priority selectors

Id> Class> Element

Id Selectors

·        Id attributes is used to select HTML element

·        Used to target specific or unique element

·        How we do it ?

#unique

            {

            Color: red;

            }

            <H1 ID=” unique”> Hello world </p>

Firstly we select the id and then change the color property , text color to red.

And then written text in the content tag will change the color to red.

 

Class Selectors

·        Class attribute is used to select HTML element

·        Used to target specific class of element

·        How we do –

.group {

Color: red;

}

<h1 class =” group”> Heloo litty </h1>

We select the class and then changed the color property , text color to red.

Then written text in this tag content will have the text color as  red.

CSS - Cascading Style Sheet Introduction by TECH grovestudies

CSS by TECH Grovestudies

TECH Grovestudies 

CSS - Cascading Style Sheet 

CSS is a language which is used to create or style a web page. 

Contents : \

what is CSS ?

History of CSS

CSS editors 

CSS Basic structure 

CSS comments

Different ways to create CSS

CSS Selectors

Background properties 

Color property 

Border Property 

Box Model 

Introduction 

CSS - Cascading style Sheet 

If HTML is the structure of web page then we use CSS to give look and feel of the web page. 

It is the language to make website look presentable and beautiful 

Design to make style for web. 

Breaking the CSS - 

    Cascading - Falling of Styles 

    Style : Adding design / styling to HTML tags 

    Sheets :  Writing our style in different documents 

History 

• 1994 : First proposed by Hakon Wium Lie on 10th October. 
• 1996 : CSS become official (Published in December ) 
• 1997 : Created level 2 
• 1998 : Published on 12th May 

CSS Editors 

Atom 

Brackets 

Espresso ( MAC user) 

Notepad ++ ( good for Html or CSS) 

Komodo edit 

Sublime Text 

Visual Studio Code  ( using)

Basic Structure 

Selectors  { 

                Property 1 :  value; 

                Property 2 : value ;

                Property 3 : value ;

                 } 

• Selectors - select the element you want to target 
• There few basic tags like  , id's and classes 
• All forms this key - value pair 
• Keys : Properties (attributes ) like color,  font-size , background, width, height , etc. 
• Value - values associated with these properties 
• always remains whether we apply internal or external styling. 

Comments 

• Comments don't render on the browser 
• Helps to understand our code better and make it readable 
• Helps to debugging our code 
•  Two ways to comments 
• Single line 
• Multiple line